"dáḱru" meaning in All languages combined

See dáḱru on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: Linked to *h₂éḱru in some way, but the derivation is unclear. One possibility is that it is a contraction from earlier *dh₂éḱru, from the compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru (“eye-bitter”). This hypothesis explains the Old Armenian reflexes and Proto-Germanic *trahnuz well, but creates other questions. Even aside from the lack of known phonological parallels to such a contraction, it is unclear why the root *derḱ- was used rather than the main word for “eye” in Proto-Indo-European, *h₃ókʷs, though C.J. Ruijgh suggests that the semantic distinction was a meaning “fixed eye” for the former. Etymology templates: {{unc|ine-pro|unclear}} unclear, {{cog|xcl|-}} Old Armenian, {{cog|gem-pro|*trahnuz}} Proto-Germanic *trahnuz Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|noun|||||f2nolink=1|g=n|g2=|g3=|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=|head5=}} *dáḱru n Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-noun-n|dáḱru|dḱréw|ac=proterokinetic}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dáḱru [nominative, singular], dáḱr̥wih₁ [dual, nominative], dáḱruh₂ [nominative, plural], dáḱru [singular, vocative], dáḱr̥wih₁ [dual, vocative], dáḱruh₂ [plural, vocative], dáḱru [accusative, singular], dáḱr̥wih₁ [accusative, dual], dáḱruh₂ [accusative, plural], dḱréws [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], dḱréwoHom [genitive, plural], dḱréws [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], dḱrúmos [ablative, plural], dḱrúbʰos [ablative, plural], dḱréwey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], dḱrúmos [dative, plural], dḱrúbʰos [dative, plural], dḱréw [locative, singular], dḱréwi [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], dḱrúsu [locative, plural], dḱrúh₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], dḱrúmis [instrumental, plural], dḱrúbʰis [instrumental, plural]
  1. tear (in the eyes) Tags: neuter, reconstruction Synonyms: h₂éḱru, dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru, dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱ-wr̥?, dr̥h₂éḱru, dr̥h₂éḱwr̥?, dráḱru, dráḱwr̥?, dráḱr̥?, dáḱr-o-m (Celto-Germanic)
    Sense id: en-dáḱru-ine-pro-noun-zjBdK8OM Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "արտաւսր",
            "gloss": "tear",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱru-</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "արտասուք",
            "gloss": "tears",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱu-</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*dakrom",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*dagr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "dagr"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: dagr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: dagr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "dér"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*dakrū",
            "pos": "plural or collective"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective) < *dáḱruh₂ pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*dėgr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "deigyr"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: deigyr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: deigyr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "deigr"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: deigr",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: deigr (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "deigryn",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*tahrą",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*trahnuz",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dráḱ-nu-s</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "δάκρυ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "",
            "der": "1",
            "qq": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*-meh₂</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-ola",
            "2": "dacruma",
            "3": "dacrima"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "lacruma",
            "3": "lacrima"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*trahnuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trahnuz",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Linked to *h₂éḱru in some way, but the derivation is unclear. One possibility is that it is a contraction from earlier *dh₂éḱru, from the compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru (“eye-bitter”). This hypothesis explains the Old Armenian reflexes and Proto-Germanic *trahnuz well, but creates other questions. Even aside from the lack of known phonological parallels to such a contraction, it is unclear why the root *derḱ- was used rather than the main word for “eye” in Proto-Indo-European, *h₃ókʷs, though C.J. Ruijgh suggests that the semantic distinction was a meaning “fixed eye” for the former.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱruh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱruh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱruh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréws",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréwoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréws",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréwey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúsu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúmis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúbʰis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*dáḱru n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dáḱru",
        "2": "dḱréw",
        "ac": "proterokinetic"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dáḱru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tear (in the eyes)"
      ],
      "id": "en-dáḱru-ine-pro-noun-zjBdK8OM",
      "links": [
        [
          "tear",
          "tear"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "h₂éḱru"
        },
        {
          "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru"
        },
        {
          "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱ-wr̥?"
        },
        {
          "word": "dr̥h₂éḱru"
        },
        {
          "word": "dr̥h₂éḱwr̥?"
        },
        {
          "word": "dráḱru"
        },
        {
          "word": "dráḱwr̥?"
        },
        {
          "word": "dráḱr̥?"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Celto-Germanic",
          "word": "dáḱr-o-m"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dáḱru"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "արտաւսր",
            "gloss": "tear",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱru-</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "արտասուք",
            "gloss": "tears",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱu-</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*dakrom",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*dagr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "dagr"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: dagr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: dagr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "dér"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*dakrū",
            "pos": "plural or collective"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective) < *dáḱruh₂ pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*dėgr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "deigyr"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: deigyr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: deigyr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "deigr"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: deigr",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: deigr (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "deigryn",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*tahrą",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*trahnuz",
            "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dráḱ-nu-s</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "δάκρυ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "",
            "der": "1",
            "qq": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*-meh₂</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-ola",
            "2": "dacruma",
            "3": "dacrima"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "lacruma",
            "3": "lacrima"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*trahnuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trahnuz",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Linked to *h₂éḱru in some way, but the derivation is unclear. One possibility is that it is a contraction from earlier *dh₂éḱru, from the compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru (“eye-bitter”). This hypothesis explains the Old Armenian reflexes and Proto-Germanic *trahnuz well, but creates other questions. Even aside from the lack of known phonological parallels to such a contraction, it is unclear why the root *derḱ- was used rather than the main word for “eye” in Proto-Indo-European, *h₃ókʷs, though C.J. Ruijgh suggests that the semantic distinction was a meaning “fixed eye” for the former.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱruh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱruh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáḱruh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréws",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréwoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréws",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréwey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱréwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúsu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúmis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dḱrúbʰis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*dáḱru n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dáḱru",
        "2": "dḱréw",
        "ac": "proterokinetic"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dáḱru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-European nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter u-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies",
        "ine-pro:Bodily fluids"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tear (in the eyes)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tear",
          "tear"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "h₂éḱru"
    },
    {
      "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru"
    },
    {
      "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱ-wr̥?"
    },
    {
      "word": "dr̥h₂éḱru"
    },
    {
      "word": "dr̥h₂éḱwr̥?"
    },
    {
      "word": "dráḱru"
    },
    {
      "word": "dráḱwr̥?"
    },
    {
      "word": "dráḱr̥?"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Celto-Germanic",
      "word": "dáḱr-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dáḱru"
}

Download raw JSONL data for dáḱru meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.